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What's the Deal with the 3-speed Manual Transmission? - Old Car Memories.Vehicles Found With "3-speed Manual" as Transmission
And by the s when automatic transmissions became popular, the automatic transmission gear shifter was also found on the steering column. With the advent of the new emerging youth market in the s some base level cars became equipped with a standard 3-speed manual floor-mounted shifter. Pontiac tweaked the package with some other performance enhancements and voila — the introduction of the world to the GTO. The bare-bones Tempest based GTO was standard with a 3-speed manual floor-mounted transmission.
Every other American automaker followed suit and used a base-level mid-sized or compact car with a standard 3-speed floor-mounted manual transmission shifter as the basis for its muscle car offerings.
These automakers would also offer as optional equipment on these cars, a floor-mounted 4-speed manual shifter. The young adult males who were buying these muscle cars generally preferred the extra gear and opted for 4-speed manual transmissions instead of the standard 3-speeds. Automatic transmissions were also optional on many muscle cars. The same was true with the first pony car — the Ford Mustang. Many of the first generation Mustangs left the dealer lots with a standard 3-speed manual, optional were both a 4-speed manual transmission and 3-speed automatic transmission.
Young muscle car buyers on very tight budgets generally opted for the 3-speed manual transmission even though they preferred a 4-speed. To illustrate this point if a young buyer pinching those pennies back in wanted to buy a new Mustang with a CID V8 the 3-speed manual was standard. The 3-speeds were just as beefy and robust as their 4-speed counterparts. The three-speed column-shift manual transmission survived here through in new trucks and in new cars , but what about the floor -shifted three-speed manual?
After much digging through reference books, factory brochures, EPA documents, et freakin' cetera, I have found the answer to that question. Since General Motors was the last holdout to sell new US-market cars with three-on-the-tree manual transmissions, it comes as no surprise that GM also sold the last three-on-the-floor cars here we're talking about cars , not trucks, remember; GM, Ford and Chrysler each sold trucks so equipped deeper into the s.
Those cars were built on the A then in the process of being renamed the G and F platforms for the model year, the best-known of which were the Chevrolet Malibu and Chevrolet Camaro. As automatics became cheaper during the s and s, an ever-larger proportion of American drivers ditched the three-pedal setup; those who preferred to work the gears themselves tended to be willing to pay a bit extra for four or five forward speeds by the dawn of the s.
The three-on-the-floor was an anachronism that remained available just for serious penny-pinchers, the gimlet-eyed ones who would skip the radio, floor mats, passenger-side mirror, and every other possible feature that might add a few bucks to the out-the-door price. In the case of the Malibu and Camaro, that meant the Chevrolet 3. Essentially three-quarters of the 5.
Buyers who were willing to pay more to get away from a three-on-the-floor manual also tended to purchase other upgrades as well. Getting the Berlinetta package on your '81 Camaro, for example, or the Yellow Bird Esprit Appearance Package on your Firebird, made it likely that you'd opt for the four-speed manual or an automatic.
You couldn't get a four-on-the-floor manual in the A-Bodies, so the automatic was your only escape hatch from three-on-the-floor commuting in those cars. For example, a series of up shifts might use "move to splitter direct; move to splitter overdrive; move the shift lever to No.
In older trucks using floor-mounted levers, a bigger problem is common gear shifts require the drivers to move their hands between shift levers in a single shift, and without synchromesh, shifts must be carefully timed or the transmission will not engage. For this reason, some splitter transmissions have an additional "under under" range, so when the splitter is already in "under" it can be quickly downshifted again, without the delay of a double shift.
Modern truck transmissions are most commonly "range-splitter". The most common speed has a standard H pattern, and the pattern from the left upper corner is as follows: R, down to L, over and up to 1, down to 2, up and over to 3, down to 4. The "butterfly" range lever in the center front of the knob is flipped up to high range while in 4th, then shifted back to 1.
The 1 through 4 positions of the knob is repeated. Also, each can be split using the thumb-actuated under-overdrive lever on the left side of the knob while in high range. The "thumb" lever is not available in low range, except in 18 speeds; 1 through 4 in the low range can be split using the thumb lever and L can be split with the "Butterfly" lever.
L cannot be split using the thumb lever in either the or speed. The 9-speed transmission is like a speed without the under-overdrive thumb lever. Truck transmissions use many physical layouts. Transmissions may be in separate cases with a shaft in between; in separate cases bolted together; or all in one case, using the same lubricating oil.
The second transmission is often called a "Brownie" or "Brownie box" after a popular brand. With a third transmission, gears are multiplied yet again, giving greater range or closer spacing. Some trucks thus have dozens of gear positions, although most are duplicates.
Sometimes a secondary transmission is integrated with the differential in the rear axle, called a "two-speed rear end". Two-speed differentials are always splitters. In newer transmissions, there may be two counter shafts, so each main shaft gear can be driven from one or the other countershaft; this allows construction with short and robust countershafts, while still allowing many gear combinations inside a single gear case. Heavy-duty transmissions are mostly non-synchromesh.
Sometimes synchromesh adds weight that could be payload, and is one more thing to fail, and drivers spend thousands of hours driving so can take the time to learn to drive efficiently with a non-synchromesh transmission. Float shifting also called "floating gears" is changing gears without disengaging the clutch, usually on a non-synchronized transmission used by large trucks.
Since the clutch is not used, it is easy to mismatch speeds of gears, and the driver can quickly cause major and expensive damage to the gears and the transmission.
Heavy trucks are usually powered with diesel engines. Diesel truck engines from the s and earlier tend to have a narrow power band, so they need many close-spaced gears.
Starting with the Maxidyne , diesel truck engines have increasingly used turbochargers and electronic controls that widen the power band, allowing fewer and fewer gear ratios. As of , fleet operators often use 9, 10, 13, or speed transmissions, but automated manual transmissions are becoming more common on heavy vehicles, as they can improve efficiency and drivability, reduce the barrier to entry for new drivers, and may improve safety by allowing the driver to concentrate on road conditions.
Manual transmissions are lubricated with gear oil or engine oil in some vehicles which must be changed periodically in some vehicles, although not as frequently as the fluid in an automatic transmission. Gear oil has a characteristic aroma because it contains added sulfur-bearing anti-wear compounds. These compounds are used to reduce the high sliding friction by the helical gear cut of the teeth this cut eliminates the characteristic whine of straight-cut spur gears.
On motorcycles with "wet" clutches clutch is bathed in engine oil , there is usually nothing separating the lower part of the engine from the transmission , so the same oil lubricates both the engine and transmission. Jump to content Navigation. Help Learn to edit Community portal Recent changes Upload file.
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Used in older vehicles. Main article: Non-synchronous transmission. Main article: Clutch. Main article: Gear stick. Main article: Overdrive. This section is written like a personal reflection, personal essay, or argumentative essay that states a Wikipedia editor's personal feelings or presents an original argument about a topic.
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Automatic transmission Diesel—electric transmission Freewheel Gear train Non-synchronous transmission Overdrive mechanics Preselector gearbox Torque converter Transmission mechanics. Retrieved 2 July Archived from the original on 30 October Archived from the original on 4 July Retrieved 5 July Retrieved 7 February Automotive Handbook 6th ed. Bentley Publishers. ISBN Retrieved 10 March Retrieved 13 March Retrieved 7 June Retrieved 23 September April
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